MATHS WORK BOOK

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ANSWERS TO THE MATHS WORK BOOK

Map 1

THE FREEDOM MOVEMENT IN KARNATAKA

THE FREEDOM MOVEMENT IN KARNATAKA

1.Describe the revolt of Kittur against the British. or What were the important events which took place during Kittur revolt against the British.

In 1824, the Desai of Kittur Shivalingarudra Sarja adopted a son and died immediately. The English tried to annex this small province. The widow of Desai, Rani Chennamma fought valiantly against the English. She led the army in the battle field. The Kittur forces lost the battle after a heroic struggle. Rani Chennamma was captured and she died five years later in captivity. Kittur revolted once again in 1829 when Sangolli Rayanna, a common man of Kittur, organized a band of fighters and started guerilla war against the English in 1829 with a view to install the adopted son of Rani Chennamma as the ruler of Kittur. His forces were defeated and he was captured.

2. Write briefly about Surapur uprising.

            The ruler of Surpur, Venkatappa Nayaka, refused to pay the English the subsidy they had demanded and challenged their power. The British army laid siege to the Surpur fort in 1858. Venkatappa, when arrested shot himself refusing to accept British dominance.

3. Describe the Shivpur Satyagraha.

            The Mysore State Congress organized its conference at Shivapur near Maddur in 1938. There was a ban on hoisting the tricolour. But 25,000 delegates assembled and the tricolour was hoisted by president T. Siddalingaiah. He was arrested. It was decided to hoist the flag daily on the same spot and undertake Dhwaja Satyagraha all over the state.

4. Describe the Quit Indian Movement at Isur.

            The people of Isur participated in the Quit India Movement by peacefully organising processions. They checked the entry of Govt officers into the village which was declared “Free”. Two officers were killed when they tried to enter the village. Five persons from Isur were hanged for this act.

OUR RESOURCES

II. 1. Well irrigation is largely practised today. Why?

            For the construction of wells, huge capital and technology are not required. Irrigation is possible throughout the year. For small land holders this type of irrigation is easily accessible. Because of these reasons, well irrigation is largely practiced today in India.

2. River Damodar is called the ‘Sorrow of Bengal’. Give reason.

The river Damodar that rises in the Chotanagpur region of Jharkhand causes floods and destruction in West Bengal. Therefore it was called Sorrow of Bengal.

3. Black soil is useful whereever the rainfall is less. Give reason.

Black soil contains clay particles and hence it can retain moisture for long time. Hence black soil is useful wherever the rainfall is less.

4. The Narmada river valley project which has initiated during the British period took a long time to be completed. Why?

The idea of constructing a dam constructing a dam across the river Narmada was initiated during British period. The irrigation committee of 1901 announced the construction of a project across river Narmada but somehow it did not materialise during the British period. In 1961, Jawaharlal Nehru laid the foundation for the construction of a dam at Bharut. But from the beginning, this project has faced a lot of opposition and in 1969 the river water tribunal was appointed to settle the disputes between Madhya Pradesh and Gujarat over the distribution of water from this project.. Therefore it took a long time to be completed.

5. The mountain soil is suitable for plantation crops. Why?

Mountain soils contain plenty of decayed organic matter and is therefore suitable for plantation crops like tea, fruits, and vegetables.

6. Soil erosion is one of the main problems of our country. Give reason.

Soil erosion is one of the ..........This directly affects our agriculture because is an agricultural nation.

7. Human resource is the greatest resource of a country. Give reason.

All material resources are exploited by human beings for their existence. Human resource is required for the judicious exploitation of natural resources and economic development of a nation. Productivity of population is decided by the proficiency of people and their skills. Without human resource no other resource can be exploited. Therefore human resource is the greatest resource of a country and hence should be nurtured.

THE FREEDOM MOVEMENT

THE FREEDOM MOVEMENT

I. 1. Who were the founders of the Indian National Congress?

            A. O. Hume, a retired British civil servant, was the founder of the Indian National Congress

2. Mention the names of the moderate leaders.

            Mahadev Govind Ranade, Surendranath Banerjee, Dadabhai Naoroji, Gopal Krishna Gokhale, Badrudin Tyabji were some of the moderate leaders.

3. Why did Gandhiji withdraw the Non-cooperation Movement?

            In Chauri Chaura the police fired on a procession of people. Enraged by this the people burnt the police station which resulted in the death of some policemen. Pained by the violence Gandhiji called off the non-cooperation movement.

4. When was the decision for “Quit India’ Movement taken?

The Congress Working Committee adopted the ‘Quit India’ resolution at Bombay on August 8, 1942.

II. 1. What were the aims of the Congress?

            The Congress was determined to create ...... national issues.

2. What were the demands of the Moderates?

The moderates aimed at securing representation .......... in India and England.

3. What is Drain theory?

            During the British rule the resources of India were transferred to England. This resulted in adverse balance of payments on account of more imports and less exports. In addition, the profits earned on the British capital, the transfer of assets by the Englishmen working in India, and the pensions of the British Officers drained the country of its wealth. This is called the Drain theory.

4. Who were the revolutionaries?What was the method used by the Revolutionaries?

            Revolutionaries were small groups which operated secretly to throw the British out of the country by the use of violent methods.

            The revolutionaries resorted to violent methods to throw the British out of the country. They used weapons like bombs and pistols. They attacked government offices and destroyed records.

5. Give a brief account of Non-Cooperation Movement?

            The non-cooperation movement was launched by Gandhiji in 1921 to protest the acts of repression of the British rulers. Many patriotic Indians returned the titles conferred on them, advocates gave up their practice and joined the movement. Thousands of students came out of government schools and colleges and national institution were started. When elections were held according to the Reforms of 1919, the Congress boycotted the elctions. In Chauri Chaura people burnt the police station which caused the death of policemen. Gandhiji , pained by the violence, called off the movement.

6. What were the main aims the Civil Disobedience Movement?

            The main aims of the civil disobedience movement were:

·         to paralyse the administration by the mass performance of certain specific illegal acts like violation of salt laws, non-payment of taxes, boycott of courts,etc.

·         non-violent violation of unjust laws.

7. What were the achievements of the INA?

            The Indian National Army was formed by Subhas Chandra Bose. With the help of Rash Bihari Bose, a revolutionary patriot who had settled in Japan, he recruited many Indians, who had settled down in South-East Asia to his Indian National Army. The Indian soldiers in the British army who had surrendered to the Japanese joined the INA and Captain Lakshmi was the leader of women’s wing of the army.

            The INA hoisted the tricolour flag at the Andaman and Nicobar Islands in 1943 and by 1944 it entered the Indian sub-continent and occupied Khohima and Imphal,  capturing 10,000 square miles of Manipur territory.

8. What were the reasons for the Partition of India?

            The Indian National Congress had unflinching faith in Indian unity, democracy and secularism. But Mohammed Ali Jinnah’s Muslim League believed in separate electroate and the two-nation theory. He demanded the creation of Pakistan. In 1940, the Muslim League at its Lahore session demanded a separate nation for the Muslims. Jinnah called for observance of Direct Action Day on August16, 1946 to attain Pakistan. It resulted in widespread riots.

9. Why was the Simon Commission appointed? Why did the Indians oppose it?

The British Govt appointed the Simon Commission in 1927 to pacify the agitating Indians and to consider further constitutional reforms. As all the members of the Commission were Englishmen, it was boycotted by Indians.

                                                            Additonal questions

10. Briefly describe the Quit India movement./ “The Quit India Movement is an important even in the freedom struggle of India.” Explain.

            The Congress Working Committee adopted the ‘Quit India’ resolution at Bombay on August 8, 1942. To make the British quit, Gandhi called upon the Indians to ‘Do or Die’. The government took repressive action and Gandhiji, Nehru, Vallahbhai Patel, Maulana Abdul Kalam Azad and other leaders were banned, and its offices were sealed. As no leader was at large to guide the movement people took law into their hands and became violent. Seventy police stations were attacked. Many government offices were set on fire. Post and revenue offices were damaged. Railway lines were removed and bridges sabotaged. Telegraph wires were cut. Liquor shops were attacked. The British administrative machinery was shaken.

SOCIO RELIGIOUS REFORM MOVEMENT

SOCIO RELIGIOUS REFORM MOVEMENTS

1.Who was the founder of Brahma Samaj? Narrate the principles of Brahma Samaj.

            Raj Ram Mohan Roy was the founder of Brahama Samaj.

The Brahma Samaj rejected idol worship and believed in one God, where people of all castes and religions could assemble together and pray. It opposed image worship, superstitions, and unscientific religious customs practised in Indian society.

2. Who was the founder of Arya Samaj? What are the teachings of Dayananda Saraswati?

            Dayananda Saraswati founded the Arya Samaj.

            He tried to reform Hindu Society on the basis of Vedic thoughts. He gave a call ‘back to the Vedas’. He condemned caste system, untouchability and idol worship and stressed on the education of girls.

3. Who was the founder of Satya Shodak Samaj? What are the teachings/principles of Sathyashodhak Samaj?

Jotirao Phule was he founder of Satya Shodak Samaj.

            The main objective of Samaj was securing social justice and human rights for the exploited. It was against child marriage and exploitation of the widows.

4. Give an account of the services rendered by the Ramakrishna Mission.

            Ramakrishna Mission opened many orphanages, schools, colleges and hospitals. In times of floods, famine and epidemic outbreaks, the Mission has helped people and consoled them.

5. What are the main principles of the Theosophical Society?

            The main principle of Theosophical Society was to inculcate the spirit of equality and brotherhood among all. They also strove to teach about the values embedded in Indian religions and philosophy. They believed that the soul has no gender and men and women are equal. The Society preached compassion for all beings.

6. Who was the founder of Aligarh Movement?What were main aims of the Aligarh Movement?

            Sir Syed Ahmed Khan was the founder of the Aligarh movement. The main aims of the movement were:

·         to create an awakening among the Muslims of India.

·         to change the outdated, unorthodox political, social, educational and religious beliefs of the Muslims

·         to strive for the fusion of Eastern and Western thoughts.

7. Why did the social reform movement take place in the 19^th century?

The British rule brought about peace and security in the country and provided a conducive atmosphere for the self –introspection among the educated Indians. The western rationality acquired through English education gave them the tool to question the superstitious practices of the people. The western culture gave primary importance to those feelings of the individuals that were based on logic and reason and tried to make him free from the outside bondages of religion and superstition. The Indians grasped the essence of western rationality because it was also the heritage of ancient India. Western concepts like democracy, liberty, equality and nationalism awakened the Indians. Superstitions gave way to scientific approach. Hence the 19^th century is known as the Age of Renaissance in the history of modern India.

FOUNDERS                                                                MOVEMENT

1. RAJA RAMMOHAN ROY                                      THE BRAHMA SAMAJ

2. DAYANAND SARAWATHI                                               THE ARYA SAMAJ   

3. DR. ATHMARAM  PANDURANG                         THE PRARTHANA SAMAJ

4. JOTHIRAO PHULE                                                 THE SATHYA SHODHAK SAMAJ

5. SWAMI VIVEKANANDA                                      THE RAMAKRISHNA MISSION

6. MADAM BLAVATSKY & COL. OLCOTT                        THE THEOSOPHICAL SOCIETY

7. SIR SYED AHMED KHAN                                     THE ALIGARH MOVEMENT