MYSORE STATE & THE BRITISH

MYSORE STATE & THE BRITISH

1. What were the political achievements of Chikkadevaraya Wodeyar?

            Chikkadevaraja Wodeyar ((1673-1704) conquered Tukur, Hoskote and parts of Salem district. He then conquered Banavara, Vastare and Chikmagaluru from Keladi rulers. Later Magadi, Madhurgiri and Kotagere also came under his control. The Keladi Nayakas, the Golconda Sultan and Shivaji’s son Sambhaji formed a triple alliance against him but they were defeated at Banavara. Chkkadevaraja courted the friendship of Aurangazeb and secured Bangalore on lease from him. He assumed the title “Karnataka Chakravarthi’.

2. Which treaty ended the first Anglo-Mysore War? What were the terms of the treaty of Madras?

            The first Anglo-Mysore War ended in 1769 with the treaty of Madras between the English and Haider Ali.

            Both the parties agreed to return the territories they had captured from each other. The English promised to help Haider if attacked by his enemies.

3. Trace the course of the Second Anglo-Mysore war.

            The Maratha Peshwa Madhav Rao attacked Mysore in 1770. But the English didnot help Haider. He fought alone against the Marathas. He also entered into an alliance with the Nizam, Bhonsle of Nagpur and Sindia of Gwalior. But the English Governor-General Warren Hastings succeeded in breaking the alliance in 1780. The English conquered Mahe from the French. Haider allied himself with the French but Eyre Coote defeated Haider Ali at the battle of Solignur in 1781. His son Tipu captured Kanchi. When Haider was fighting for Arcot against the English, he died in 1782. His son Tipu continuedthe war and he conquered Mangalore. Finally the war ended with the Treaty of Mangalore in 1784.

4. Why did British decalre war on Tippu in 1799 A.D.?

            Tipu didnot forget the defeat & humiliation at the hands of the English. He fortified his capital & continued his negotiation with the French, the Amir of Afghanisthan & the Sultan of Turkey. The French helped him in training his army. This enraged the English who declared war on Tipu. The Governor-General Wellesley insisted that Tipu should accept the Subsidiary Alliance but Tipu opposed the English. The English surrounded his capital from all sides. Tipu died fighting at Srirangapappana in 1799.

     

5. What were the terms of the Treaty of Mangalore?

      The treaty of Mangalore was signed in 1784 between the English and Tippu Sultan. As per the treaty, Tippu retained the coastal regions of Karnataka and Malabar. The treaty also stressed that they should not join hands with their respective enemies.

III. 1. Chikkadevaraja Wodeyar was an able administrator and patron of art and literature. Justify the statement.

•          He reorganized the administration and started 18 departments called as ‘Atharkacheri’.

•          To have regular system of exchanging messages, he started the postal department called ‘Anche’.

•          He collected taxes regularly and also enforced economy in the administration.

•          He accumulated huge reserve funds in the treasury.

•          He got constructed 2 canals named after Doddadevarja and Chikkadevaraja and helped the expansion of irrigation facilities.

2. What are the causes for the first Anglo-Mysore war?

      The Marathas and the Nizam of Hyderabad were alarmed by the success of Haider Ali. The Nizam attacked Mysore with the help of the English but failed to defeat Haider Ali.The Nizam left the English and joined Haider Ali. The Nizam and Haider Ali attacked the English at Tiruchirapalli. The English planned to retaliate by attacking Hyderabad. The Nizam deserted Haider Ali and once again joined the English. Haider Ali won over the Marathas by paying them cash and surrendering some forts.

3. What were the causes and result of third Anglo-Mysore war?

      Tipu began to make arrangements for an impending war with the English. He tried to secure the help of the French. He also sent emissaries to the royal courts of Turkey, Afghanisthan and Persia. Having observed this, the English planned to suppress Tipu. Tipu attacked the Raja of Travancore, in 1789, who was an English ally. The English invaded Tipu’s territory. The Governor General, Lord Cornwallis, sought the alliance of the Marathas and the Nizam and captured Bangalore. They also laid siege to Srirangapattana in 1791. In 1792 Tipu was forced to sue for peace.

4. Narrate the causes and results of the fourth Anglo-Mysore war.

            Tipu did not forget the defeat and humiliation at the hands of the English. He fortified his capital and continued his negotiation with the French, the Amir of Afghanisthan & the Sultan of Turkey. The French helped him in training his army. This enraged the English who declared war on Tipu. The Governor-General Wellesley insisted that Tipu should accept the Subsidiary Alliance but Tipu opposed the English. The English surrounded his capital from all sides. Tipu died fighting at Srirangapappana in 1799.

            Tipu died fighting at Srirangapattana in 1799. Mysore was partitioned between the Nizam and the English. The remaining parts of his territory were returned to the successor of the original family of Mysore Wodeyars, Krishnaraja Wodeyar III. He was crowned as the king of Mysore. He accepted the Subsidiary Alliance.